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Author Topic: THE SCIENCE THREAD!  (Read 655 times)
Offline Bidet to you sir

zim
*

Posts: 2,478


« on: September 06, 2009 »

So I've been thinking, and what we need is a real science thread, maybe even engineering to boot, and I think it could be a megathread.
We have a lot of science nerds on this forum, myself included (am about to start my second year in a biochemistry degree).
And well in my opinion, science and technology are what will bring us out of the economic crisis, will lower unemployment and improve our health, so it's probably the most important thing in the world.

So heres the deal, I will answer all questions I feel up to, I may have to do research, and if the topic is too convoluted I will ask you to be more succint in your question, for example I will not answer an incredibly broad question like "explain evolution", atleast not in a way that won't sound like the opening paragraph to a wikipedia article.
Again I am a studying Biochemist, so I'll probably only answer Biosciences questions, I may extend myself to paleontology from time to time, and go into some stuff to do with climate.

Please any other guys willing to help respond and I will put you in this list as follows:
Zim-Biochemistry.
LonLonRancher- Solar and planetary activity

Oh, I will not answer homework questions either, so don't ask me questions for the wrong reasons.
« Last Edit: September 06, 2009 by Zim » Logged

Offline Bidet to you sir

zim
*

Posts: 2,478


« #1 on: September 06, 2009 »

Oh I also think that scientific theories/things that interest you can be thrown in here as well, might make it a bit more open.

Now here’s something I find interesting.
The tree of life: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Tree_of_life_SVG.svg
That is the tree of life only showing organisms that we have mapped the genome of.
The Blue is bacteria; the green is archaea, which make up the prokaryotic forms of life (prokaryote means without a nucleus) and the pink colour are the eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus) such as animals, plants, fungi and protists.
Notice how the eukaryotes are more closely related to the archaea then to the bacteria.
Much like animals are more related to fungi than to plants.

This more simplified one shows general groupings: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Phylogenetic_tree.svg

Now that’s just a general overview, but this follows on to some of the most interesting findings in evolutionary history, which can be shown with this diagram here.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Horizental-gene-transfer.jpg

That diagram shows horizontal gene transfer, this is something found in the prokaryotes which causes the tree model to well become more like a tangled mess of roots in those sections, horizontal gene transfer is the transfer of genes between organisms and even species, this is compared to vertical gene transfer, or what we'd usually call reproduction, the passing of genes to offspring.
That isn't the most interesting part though; you may have noticed the horizontal gene transfer between the bacteria and the eukaryotes.
Well this is where it does get interesting, as this isn't just standard horizontal gene transfer, this is endosymbiosis.
Now what is endosymbiosis you ask?
Well it's the theory that some bacteria incorporated themselves into other cells essentially becoming a component of the cell, now the theory is that mitochondria (sometimes referred to as the factory of the cell, as it is involved in the energy production of the cell), and plastids (organelles such as chloroplasts) were initially bacteria that incorporated themselves inside the cell.
Now Over time these bacteria became major components, to the point that some of their genes were incorporated into the nucleus (some were not, if you wish to learn more look at this http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoRR_Hypothesis).
Well what does this show us?
Well it shows us that our entire existence depended on several different forms of life forming together and producing an utterly new form of life, and along side this and the theory of how the nucleus came to be it is helping to explain how life went from unicellular to multicellular, and if that isn't important, I don't know what is.

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Offline Big Tater

Zora
*

Posts: 642


« #2 on: September 08, 2009 »

Man, I was nursing for a while, then I was pre-med, but I'm not good at the science stuffs so now I'm English/speech pathology.  Anyway, I really enjoy learning about exotic animals and how plants can cure ills and saving the rainforest and all that.  I found this article today on Yahoo: apparently a group of scientists found a whole new ecosystem in an old volcano.  Read more http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/sep/07/discovery-species-papua-new-guinea

So, my question is, what are people's theories about exactly how long they've been down there and learned how to survive?  Will they be able to live amongst other similar species?
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Offline Bidet to you sir

zim
*

Posts: 2,478


« #3 on: September 09, 2009 »

Well I'm no expert on the animals for example, and it's hard to generalise, but it's probably thousands of years if not hundreds of thousands, they found crabs in a cave there that no longer had eyes, now that means it must have evolved independently in that cave and it takes a long time to become a new species.
2. The answer is no to living with other species, simple fact, animals fill out specific niches, these animals are highly adapted to their environment, being put into a new habitat will either kill them, or will kill all the other animals due to these animals possibly being incredibly competitive.
We know this from experience, the american grey squirrel has almost killed off the British red squirrel, the bull frog is an incredibly fast breeder and horrible pest for australians.
It is always a bad idea to introduce an animal to a habitat with no predators.
In fact I've been reading Stephen Jay Goulds book 8 little piggies and he researched land snails, the species he spent a large amount of his time on was eaten by a predatorial species of snail brought in from africa, brought in to protect his snails from another species of snail that had invaded, some of the different snails he researched are now extinct due to this.
« Last Edit: September 09, 2009 by Zim » Logged

Offline Big Tater

Zora
*

Posts: 642


« #4 on: September 19, 2009 »

I didn't think about the competitiveness.  I just find it mind blowing that there are still species that need to be discovered.  That would be the coolest job!

On another topic: apparently the coldest spot in the universe is on the moon!  Some 300 degrees F below 0
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Offline Bidet to you sir

zim
*

Posts: 2,478


« #5 on: September 20, 2009 »

I think you mean solar system.
The Boomerang nebula has been found with temperatures of about 1K, thats 1 K off of absolute zero, the coldest things can possibly be.
And actually you could count experimental levels, as scientists have produced temperatures of approximately 100 pico kelvin thats 100 trillionths of a degree Kelvin.
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Offline Bidet to you sir

zim
*

Posts: 2,478


« #6 on: October 01, 2009 »

Yeah, I'm going to show you some pretty damn strong examples of evolution in youtube video form.
And show you some pretty spiffy ways for how life could have began.


Evo:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zi8FfMBYCkk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQQ7ubVIqo4&feature=related
Ken Miller is a dude, without him you'd probably have the absolute falsehood of intelligent design being taught in schools.
And as he mentions, he is religious.
Just for funs sake:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bV4_lVTVa6k&feature=related


Oh and just because I love it, CDK007's video on abiogenesis.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6QYDdgP9eg&feature=PlayList&p=0696457CAFD6D7C9&index=0

Thats all I can do youtube wise, there is a lot of crap.

Oh and heres a program made by richard dawkins where you can carry out a form of artificial selection (it's quite old now)
http://physics.syr.edu/courses/mirror/biomorph/
« Last Edit: October 01, 2009 by Zim » Logged

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